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History
Why in 1988 did you think the world-at-large needed to hear
Brazilian music?
David: I act like any music fan... just the same as when I was in junior
high and high school (secondary school for the rest of the world). Whenever
I found a record I thought was especially cool, Id play it for my friends
and hype it and watch their reaction. I feel the same enthusisam for a lot
of Brazilian pop music, a lot of Rock en Español... hell,
for all the stuff on the label. It just so happened that Id assembled
these compilations of my Brazilian faves for myself, from my own vinyl collection,
and I realized that it sounded pretty good, and I didnt get tired of
it, and more importantly I guess, I realized that there wasnt a compilation
of this stuff out there. Sure, there were bossa nova collections in existence,
but I felt that that was, however wonderful, only an inkling of the vast music
riches that this country has produced. So, my impulse was like any fans,
not a do-gooder attitude... this is not school, this is pop music after all...
I wanted to turn friends on to stuff I liked.
How was the record received initially, and was this a factor
in starting the label?
David: I went on the road and publicized this first compilation, and
it was received with suspicion by some of the rock press, but by and large
people loved it... as they should... it was a collection of the best of a whole
generations work... how could I lose with such great songs to choose
from?
It turned out to be our best seller... selling more than most bands first
records, until recently. Oddly enough, I was so naive when the liscensing rights
were made that I made a terrible arrangement, and Ive never seen any
money from this collection. But it got the whole ball rolling.
When did you realize that there was desire for more than
just one record, and that an entire label might be needed?
David: Almost immediately after Beleza Tropical came out, I realized
Id be doing two or three more Brazil compilations, to touch on some of
the other musical styles that are so exciting there. And eventually I also
knew Id release a compilation of Tom Zés best stuff... so
an umbrella was needed to make things run smoothly. I picked the name because
I loved the sound of it strange, but musical... yes, its a really
confusing name, and difficult to pronounce, but were stuck with it now.
How and when did you find Mr. Yale Evelev? What was he brought
in to do?
David: Im not sure, but I seem to remember Yale was reccomended
by a former A&R guy at Warner that I was friends with, Tim Carr. Turns
out I had a few of Yales records from his own lable Icon, which I liked,
and Id known him from when he worked at the Soho Music Gallery, a record
store where I used to get stuff I couldnt find anywhere else.
What was your initial concept behind Luaka Bop?
David: The initial concept was no concept. I knew there would be about
four Brazilian records, and then we did a series of Cuban compilations
stuff that hadnt been available anywhere for years, but was as recent
as the 70s and 80s. And we did the first compilation of Silvio
Rodriguez, the great cuban poet and songwriter, which was the first recording
of contemporary Cuban music to be released in the U.S.A. We had found a kind
of loophole in the famous U.S. embargo on Cuban products, which allowed music
to slip through.
I love the way Silvios influences range from Cuban music to rock n
roll, psychedelic rock, in particular... so for me this was important. Silvios
record sold well in South America and in Spain, where he was already well-loved
and admired... and it did OK in the U.S. too, although nothing like the Latin
sales. To me this was typical sometimes it takes a naive foreigner to
appreciate what people who live in a country dont realize they have.
So it took a kid in New York to make the first greatest hits compilation of
the famous Cuban artist. Like the Brits selling rock and now dance music, both
U.S. innovations, back to the U.S. in mutated and wildly twisted versions.
Yale and I went to Cuba for a few weeks to coordinate the deal with Silvio,
see the country, hear some music, and rummage through the EGREM (the Cuban
governments record label) vaults for stuff that was out of print. We
had a great time... its such a musical country. We drove cross country,
stood in line for fried chicken, heard great live music in every little town.
When we stopped at a little town east of Havana called Santa Clara there was
a carnival going on and I heard my song Dirty Old Town from my
Latin album, Rei Momo, blasting over the PA. I was pretty thrilled.
Yale: Going to Cuba was the first trip I took with David. He was expecting
me to have all the details covered and I was expecting him to bring books I
would want to read. In both cases we were disappointed. After I had read all
my books all he had was books by Carl Jung and Spanish language studies, no
thanks. On my side we ran out of money! Pretty embarrassing actually. Cuba,
having no relations with the U.S., is not permitted access to U.S. banks
hence no use of U.S. credit cards or travelers checks. Cash only. I didnt
bring enough for both of us and we almost got stranded with the rental car
agents threatening to throw us in jail. They finally let us go and I sent them
the money when I got back.
Cuba is an amazing place. As we were somewhat official guests, there were government
functionaries in each town we arrived in. Not really the way I like to travel,
so I rebelled at one point and tried to get us to eat in a restaurant we werent
being taken too. After waiting in line for an hour with the line not moving,
one of the government guys showed up. He said I thought you might have a little
trouble. I had tried to finding out what was going on, they wouldnt even
serve us a beer though we were at the bar, only those at tables get beer.
I had gone in the kitchen to ask why since there were empty tables the line
was not moving. The restaurant staff was all standing around smoking cigarettes,
not even cooking or anything.
The government guy found some people he knew who had a table and made them
get up and we ended up eating the food they had ordered. I gave up rebelling
after that.
Did the Cuban government ask you to do the Cuba compilations?
David: The Cuban governmant was pretty helpful its their
record label after all (although big artists have managed to arrange to have
some measure of autonomy... their own publishing, for example). They assumed
at first wed want all the classics Beny Moré
etc but we were interested just as much in the little side roads that
this music occasionally took. The a capella rhythm section of Grupo Vocal Sampling
and the cool doo-wop sounds of Los Zafiros... and anything with a wah-wah,
an early synth sound or Farfisa organ was of special interest.
How did you go about finding the artists?
David: Some we knew already Los Van Van and others some
we stumbled upon while rumaging through the EGREM vaults, and some through
friends like Ned Sublette of Qbadisc, a label which releases contemporary Cuban
music.
Whats up with Vijaya Anand?
The Story of Vijaya Anand
or: How Does One Go About Licensing Indian Film Music Anyway.
PART 1
Yale: In 1986 my girlfriend and I went to India. It was my second time
and her first. Some friends of ours received a grant to study painting in
India for six months and had come back with a cassette of some really cool
Indian film music that I imagined had been made by some young guy in a basement
studio with some samplers.
They bought the tape in Mysore and it was a very hand done cover that said
Vijaya Anand Dance Raja Dance. I had heard quite a bit of filmi,
but this music was different. Much more current-sounding, with the wonderful
kitsch amalgamations of different musics, including electronic dance music.
I knew that Mysore, being a relatively small town, would probably not be where
the cosmopolitan Vijaya Anand would live. He probably lived in the nearby
Bangalore, known the Silicon Valley of India, the center of all things high-tech.
So we went to Bangalore.
I went into the first cassette shop I found near where we were staying and
asked the folks behind the counter if they knew where I could find the person
who made this tape (holding up tape). I know it sounds like a ridiculous way
to go about things but I had a label called Icon that had done a few non-Western
records, and found that often communities of music-related people are rather
small and everyone knows one another.
Anyway they said Oh, Dance Raja Dance, that was a very good movie.
(My first glimpse that I was not going to be dealing with some guy in a basement.)
Why dont you go down to the building next to the movie theater
and ask them.
OK, I can see where this is going. After walking around in circles in the
building next to the movie theater, I decided to ask at the movie theater
box office (I know, I know, but it isnt New York here, you know.) Oh,
Dance Raja Dance, that was a very good film, played here for
many weeks. Do you know Vijaya Anand? Oh yes, very good music
director. Any idea where I can find him? No.
Well, you could try this address.
The search continues. After walking through a neighborhood of film promotion
and distribution offices with people painting those huge Indian film billboards
on the street, I come to an office of what is obviously the films distributor.
Lots of rusting film cans and a couple of guys bent over very large ledger
books making inscriptions.
Um, do you know where I can find film composer Vijaya Anand? What are
you crazy, why would we know about where a film composer is? They look
at me like Im crazy. Does he ever come by here? OK look, why dont
you go over to the South Indian Film Board Chamber of Congress and ask them?
More walking in the Indian afternoon heat. And there it is, the South Indian
Film Board Chamber of Congress. Why didnt someone mention this in the
first place? Well, lets not speak so soon. Hello, excuse me, I am looking
for a film composer named Vijaya Anand. Oh sure we know him, do you
want his address?
Wow. So easy. Well, not yet. It turns out he lives in Madras, clear across
the country. Though he does music for Kanada language films shown in the state
of Karnatica, he speaks and lives in the Tamil state of Tamil Nadu. So I guess
Ill have to meet up with him on another trip.
Vijaya Anand Part 2
Yale: Its now three years later, 1989, and I have written Vijaya
at the address The South Indian Film Board Chamber of Congress had given me.
I didnt expect an answer and didnt get one. A few years earlier,
I had done a record of an Indonesian music called jaipong with the singer
Idjah Hadidjah. I had written to her Indonesian producer, Gugum Gumbira, and
then showed up on his doorstep months later. The letter had meant a lot to
him, as the Indonesian jaipong craze was waning and he was at a turning point
in his life. To have some foreigner interested in his work up to that point
turned out to be an invigorating situation for him.
But nothing is that easy in India.
My girlfriend Leslie and I showed up in Madras and gave Vijaya a call. The
next day Vijaya and a whole retinue show up at our hotel with flower bouquets
for both of us. Flowers! In my five trips to India I had never seen flowers
(for non-religious purposes) for sale, where did he get those? Anyway, here
the complications begin. Vijaya, though he has not yet made this apparent,
does not speak English. Actually he does speak it, but doesnt feel he
speaks it well enough to talk to us. So his cousin, John, does most of the
talking.
John tells us he will return on the next day and we will set about licensing
the various tracks from someone. Nobody really seems to know who that will
be yet.
Ill shorten what would be a long-winded explanation of a week of futile
days sitting a small hotel room waiting with cousin John calling every morning
to say everything is worked out and he would be right over. And waiting in
this hotel room all day until John would call again at five in the evening
and say everything had been worked out but it was too late, and he would be
over first thing the next morning. Needless to say I went nuts, fell on the
floor screaming, and finally gave up the whole idea.
Leslie and I instead went to the beach (about 50 miles down the coast; in
India its a three hour drive.) Of course we got to the beach and the
women at the hotel had an urgent message from cousin John. I called, and of
course he had it all worked out and I should just come back to Madras.
Yeah right.
A couple of days later I go back and meet cousin John. He says he has set
up a meeting with a big South Indian film producer and if I tell him what
a big fan I am of his films well be able to get the rights to the music.
Ok, Im game.
We meet the guy, sitting behind a large desk and I do my best Dustin Hoffman
imitation which seems to work. But the end result is he really only has the
films with the music in them, no separate tapes, so I give up. We have a nice
vacation in South India.
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